Eleven POS
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Percentage formulas
- X% of Y = Y × X ÷ 100. 15% of 2,400 = 360.
- X is what % of Y = X ÷ Y × 100. 360 of 2,400 = 15%.
- Percentage change = (New − Old) ÷ Old × 100. From 1,200 to 1,500 = +25%.
- Add X% = Y × (1 + X ÷ 100). 2,500 + 10% = 2,750.
- Find the original = Part ÷ X × 100. If 450 is 15%, the whole is 3,000.
A common trap
A 20% rise followed by a 20% fall does not bring you back to the start: 100 → 120 → 96. Percentage changes are always taken from the current number, not the original.
Percent vs percentage points
If a VAT rate goes from 5% to 7.5%, it rose by 2.5 percentage points — but by 50 percent. Both are correct; say which one you mean.
Marks and grades
For SSC and HSC: 80% and above is A+ (5.00), 70–79 A (4.00), 60–69 A− (3.50), 50–59 B (3.00), 40–49 C (2.00), 33–39 D (1.00), below 33 F.